Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

All awards are paid out on a grant basis and you will not be expected to pay back the costs of any item(s) awarded. (Official website of the Trafford Council)

The concept of party autonomy dates back to the early fifteenth century. The first to express the doctrine of party autonomy is considered to be a French scholar named Charles Dumolin, considered to be ‘the father of party autonomy’.

Dumolin advanced the idea that ‘those who enter into an agreement may stipulate the law that governs their bargain’; when it comes to the choice of law in international contracts, the parties have the freedom, not to restrict themselves to the confines of municipal law, can exclude themselves from rules that are mandatory in the international sense and may also exclude future changes in that law. Zhang Mo has expressed the present scenario as such, “As the party autonomy doctrine has developed, the boundaries have evolved into three major areas: The public policy exception, the mandatory rules mandate and the reasonable connection requirement.” (Party Autonomy in International Contracts: Why Limited Party Autonomy Is Better Than Unlimited Party Autonomy by Arun Ajay Shankar)

What is retention money?

It depends on the situation, but generally, this is money that is held back that would otherwise be paid, until the other party performs some service or task.

For example, in the construction business, it is common that a series of payments is made over time, with the caveat that the last 10% of the payments (for example) is withheld until the job is complete. This way, the contractor can pay his costs during construction, but obviously doesn't get the entire amount until the job is done. (answers.yahoo.com)

He had borrowed over five hundred pounds and was made to pay it back in monthly installments. (bbc.co.uk)