Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

Judicial precedent is a legal case law establishing a principle or rule that a court or other judicial body may apply while deciding subsequent cases involving similar issues or facts. (uslegal.com)

In the U.S. judicial system, procedural rules require most motions to be made in writing and can require that written notice be given in advance of a motion being made. Written motions specify what action the movant is requesting and the reasons, or grounds, for the request. A written motion may contain citations to case law or statutes that support the motion. (TheFreeDictionary)

It is difficult to find any uniform application of liquidated damages/penalty clauses in case law of the various European countries. (lexology.com)

Case law is the set of existing rulings which made new interpretations of law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents. (Wikipedia)