Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

The shadow government (cryptocracy, secret government, or invisible government) is a family of conspiracy theories based on the notion that real and actual political power resides not with publicly elected representatives but with private individuals who are exercising power behind the scenes, beyond the scrutiny of democratic institutions. According to this belief, the official elected government is subservient to the shadow government, which is the true executive power. (Wikipedia)

First, some independence of the judiciary from executive power is not only critical for establishment of a rule-governed state; and second, autonomy of the profession itself is the key element in this establishment, for without it no independent collective action will be possible. (ScienceDirect Topics)

The head of state shares the executive power with a Prime Minister, thus entering a dual authority structure whose three defining criteria are (c) to (e). (ScienceDirect Topics)

By dividing the legislative and executive powers into separate branches, the authors of the US Constitution sought to encourage friction and disagreement in government. (ScienceDirect Topics)