Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

court of first instance 1. (Law) a court in which legal proceedings are begun or first heard (Collins English Dictionary)

A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, instance court, judgment court, apex court, and highest court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts. (Wikipedia)

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court or court of appeals (American English) or appeal court (British English) or court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. (Wikipedia)

Breach of an obligation under civil law means you can be sued by somebody else – for instance by a client, if you have breached a contract or a duty of care – for a civil remedy such as damages. (aatethics.org.uk)