Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

"In obtaining information constituting a state secret in regard to the Russian Federation various international organizations may act in their own interests or for the benefit of secret services of various foreign countries," a document explaining the proposed changes read. (Reuters)

The concept of party autonomy dates back to the early fifteenth century. The first to express the doctrine of party autonomy is considered to be a French scholar named Charles Dumolin, considered to be ‘the father of party autonomy’.

Dumolin advanced the idea that ‘those who enter into an agreement may stipulate the law that governs their bargain’; when it comes to the choice of law in international contracts, the parties have the freedom, not to restrict themselves to the confines of municipal law, can exclude themselves from rules that are mandatory in the international sense and may also exclude future changes in that law. Zhang Mo has expressed the present scenario as such, “As the party autonomy doctrine has developed, the boundaries have evolved into three major areas: The public policy exception, the mandatory rules mandate and the reasonable connection requirement.” (Party Autonomy in International Contracts: Why Limited Party Autonomy Is Better Than Unlimited Party Autonomy by Arun Ajay Shankar)

Pharmaceuticals and medical equipments do not fall under international sanctions but the country is facing shortages of drugs for the treatment of 30 illnesses including cancer, heart and breathing problems, thalassemia and multiple sclerosis (MS) because Iran is not allowed to use the international payment systems. (Wikipedia)

The European Economic Community (EEC) was an international organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957.

Its aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. The EEC was also known as the Common Market in the English-speaking world and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993. (Wikipedia)