Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

A jury trial or trial by jury is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact, which then direct the actions of a judge. It is distinguished from a bench trial, in which a judge or panel of judges make all decisions. (Wikipedia)

All legal systems provide, at least on paper, guarantees that insure certain basic rights of the accused. These include right to trial by jury (unless jury trial is waived), to representation by counsel (at least when he is accused of a serious crime), to present witnesses and evidence that will enable him to prove his innocence, and to confront (i.e., cross-examine) his accusers, as well as freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures and freedom from double jeopardy. (Britannica)

In common law countries, a civil infraction is a non-criminal violation of a rule, ordinance, or regulation.

A civil infraction is a violation of the law less serious than a misdemeanor, and which usually does not attach certain individual rights such as a jury trial.

In the United States, the key characteristic of an infraction is that the punishment doesn't include any amount of incarceration in a prison or jail or any other loss of civil rights – typically the only punishment is a fine, although sometimes other regulatory actions are possible (e.g. revocation of a license or permit) or an order to remedy or mitigate the situation. (Wikipedia)

A civil infraction is a non criminal violation of a rule, ordinance, or statue. Such infractions may lead to a fine or fee. Civil infractions may be different types. The classification varies by jurisdiction. Civil infractions rarely carry jail sentences or require a jury trial. (USLegal)