Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

Infraction has multiple legal meanings. Generally it refers to violations or infringements; or breach of statutes, contracts, or obligations. However, the act itself is very minor and hence the resulting penalty is also very minor.

Examples of infractions include parking overtime, speeding, and tailgating.

Although it is considered an offense in the criminal justice system, it is among the most minor offenses. Indeed, they are far less serious than misdemeanors. (Legal Information Institute)

A civilized society or country has a well developed system of government, culture, and way of life and that treats the people who live there fairly:

A fair justice system is a fundamental part of a civilized society. (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus)

Forensic examiners, also known as forensic science technicians or crime scene investigators, analyze physical evidence and provide scientific conclusions for the justice system. [...] Forensic examiners are responsible for collecting and preserving the integrity of evidence at crime scenes. They collect hair, fiber and blood samples, lift fingerprints and footprints, make measurements and take photographs. In the laboratory, examiners use equipment and chemical solutions to classify materials and identify unique characteristics, such as the markings that match a bullet to a particular firearm. (BestAccreditedColleges.org)

"Many cases like this could be avoided if the justice system did its job," says Loren Leron, a feminist activist who provides aid in the jail where Ms Concha was detained. (BBC News)