Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

There is a non-contractual obligation where a person who is responsible for loss sustained by another person is required to compensate the victim, in cases not linked to the performance of a contract, such as traffic accidents, environmental damage or defamation. (ec.europa.eu)

Fundamental breach means any breach to a contract that is so fundamental. Any fundamental breach permits a party to terminate the performance of a contract. This also entitles a party to sue for damages.

Following is an example of a United Nations convention (convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods) defining fundamental breach:

Article 25 defines fundamental breach as a breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. (definitions.uslegal.com)

"counter guarantee. Back-to-back guarantee given by an obligor to indemnify a surety in a three-party contract (such as a performance bond). A counter guarantee is cashed in the unexpected event the obligor fails in the performance of a contract and the obligee calls upon the surety to honor the bond (guaranteed by the surety on behalf of the obligor). Also called counter indemnity. ()

Is the place of performance of a contract relevant when determining jurisdiction? (Practical Law)