См. также: public enterprise, public offer of a reward, public place, public association
The concept of party autonomy dates back to the early fifteenth century. The first to express the doctrine of party autonomy is considered to be a French scholar named Charles Dumolin, considered to be ‘the father of party autonomy’.
Dumolin advanced the idea that ‘those who enter into an agreement may stipulate the law that governs their bargain’; when it comes to the choice of law in international contracts, the parties have the freedom, not to restrict themselves to the confines of municipal law, can exclude themselves from rules that are mandatory in the international sense and may also exclude future changes in that law. Zhang Mo has expressed the present scenario as such, “As the party autonomy doctrine has developed, the boundaries have evolved into three major areas: The public policy exception, the mandatory rules mandate and the reasonable connection requirement.” (Party Autonomy in International Contracts: Why Limited Party Autonomy Is Better Than Unlimited Party Autonomy by Arun Ajay Shankar)
International Relations (IR) is the study of relationships among countries, the roles of sovereign states, inter-governmental organizations (IGO), international non-governmental organizations (INGO), non-governmental organizations (NGO), and multinational corporations (MNC). International relations is an academic and a public policy field, and so can be positive and normative, because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State. (Wikipedia)
In order to be enforceable, a contract cannot violate "public policy". For example, if the subject matter of a contract is illegal, you cannot enforce the contract. A contract for the sale of illegal drugs, for example, violates public policy and is not enforceable. (expertlaw.com)
In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship. (Wikipedia)
