Русско-англо-русский юридический словарь

A plaintiff (Π in legal shorthand), also known as a claimant or complainant, is the term used in some jurisdictions for the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court. By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy, and if successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate court order (e.g., an order for damages). [...]

In Hong Kong, Canada and the United States, as well as in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, the legal term "plaintiff" is still in use. American usage traditionally limits the application of terms such as "claimant" and "claim form" to extrajudicial process in insurance and administrative law. After exhausting remedies available through an insurer or government agency, an American claimant in need of further relief would turn to the courts, file a complaint (thus establishing a real court case under judicial supervision), and become a plaintiff. (Wikipedia)

An uncodified constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules of government take the form of customs, usage, precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments. (Wikipedia)

The armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often treated synonymously, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. (Wikipedia)

The choice of use of "retroactive" or "retrospective" appears to be a matter of regional common usage of the English language, with no identifiable international distinctive use of either term. In both England and Wales and in Scotland preference is given widely to the use of "retrospective" rather than "retroactive" by both lawyers and politicians but with little formal distinction being made between the meanings of the terms. This appears true in Ireland as well. By contrast, in the USA the term "retroactive" is used (with a stress on the first syllable not present in European English usage) rather that "retrospective" (Questionnaire 'Retroactivity and Tax Legislation', EATLP 2010)